[Purpose/significance] During public health emergencies, due to folks' endogenous demand for health information and lack of scientific knowledge of health information, it stimulates the mass media to spread health information, and also provides opportunities for rumors to publish and spread online rumors. Ineffective scientific knowledge and false news will have a serious negative impact on social stability and disrupt social order during the outbreak of epidemics. Therefore, it is very important to build an effective reversal model of online rumor propagation to control the spread of online rumors and reduce its negative impact.[Method/process] The research adopted the theory of scientific knowledge level and the strategy of online rumors reputation, and constructed the SCNDR online rumor reversal model based on SIR model. The Anylogic software was adopted to simulate the SCNDR model, and the sensitivity analysis of the parameters of the model was carried out.[Result/conclusion] The SCNDR model proposed in this study effectively simulates the reversal process of online rumors during public health emergencies. The key factors affecting the reversal efficiency of online rumors are the penetration rate of users' scientific knowledge level, the public time of official information and the conversion efficiency of credulous users.

[Purpose/significance] Analyzing the types, mutual relationships, community structure, and dissemination effects of the information on the Internet from multiple angles will help to discover the key information subjects and the effective spread of the information on the Internet. It plays an important role in strengthening the guidance of public opinion during public health emergencies and maintaining social stability.[Method/process] The article selected the "Shuanghuanglian" rumors during the new crown pneumonia epidemic, and built a network of rumor-defying subjects through Neo4j, then detected the network community using Louvain algorithm. Through content analysis and regression analysis, this paper analyzed the characteristics of the information content and the strategies of the rumor-defying subjects, and constructed the subject-content two-mode network, to explore how different information subjects and communities promote the dissemination of rumor-refuting information in social media, as well as effective methods and strategies for rumor-refuting.[Result/conclusion] The results of the study found that the government and mass media were the main actors in online rumor-refuting. The government most used the strategy of countering rumors, while the mass media did the opposite. Content characteristics have different effects on the effectiveness of rumor-refuting information dissemination.

[Purpose/significance] During public health emergencies, online rumors have serious negative effects and disturb social order. This paper takes the rumors during the COVID-19 as an example to explore the factors that influence the rumor refutation effectiveness, and provide references for rumor refutation in the face of public health emergencies, so as to improve the rumor refutation effectiveness and avoid social risks.[Method/process] In order to explore the factors influencing rumor refutation effectiveness in public health emergencies, this paper adopted the grounded theory, used NVivo 12.0 software to code. In the end, 22 initial concepts, 12 categories and 6 main categories were obtained. On this basis, the interpreting structural model method and MATLAB were used to analyze the relationship between various influencing factors.[Result/conclusion] In this study, based on the coding results, the influential factors of rumor refutation effectiveness are summarized and integrated into three layers, namely subject, information and channel. According to these influential factors, the SIC model analysis framework of the influential factors of rumor refutation effectiveness is constructed to analyze the relationship between the main categories and rumor refutation effectiveness, and the hierarchical structure model of influencing factors of rumor refutation effectiveness is constructed.

[Purpose/significance] During the period of public health emergencies, a large number of Internet rumors have produced and they have adverse effects on society and people's lives. The construction of multi-angle rumor refutation effect evaluation index system can provide corresponding guidance for the governance of Internet rumor in public health emergencies in China.[Method/process] In this paper, the evaluation index system was constructed from four dimensions of the main feature, text features, audience feature and background feature, and the index weight was analyzed by the combination of AHP and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation. The feasibility of the evaluation index system was verified by empirical analysis, combined with the representative event topic of Weibo rumor refusal platform in the early Covid-19 period.[Result/conclusion] Combined with the empirical research results of "Refute Weibo", the strategies to improve the effect of rumor refutation are obtained from three aspects:choosing authoritative and objective rumor refutation subjects and cooperating to refute rumors, paying attention to the framework setting of rumor refutation information media and guiding the psychological consciousness of rumor refutation audiences.

[Purpose/significance] The processing of personal information plays an extremely important role in scientific management of public health emergencies. However, there are problems of illegal and improper processing of personal information in the process of responding to public health emergencies in China. Based on this, it is of great value and practical significance to regulate personal information processing behaviors in public health emergencies and establish the corresponding information security protection system.[Method/process] This paper used grounded research method to identify types of personal information and personal information processors involved in personal information processing behaviors in public health emergencies, and analyzed citizens' risk perception of personal information processing behaviors and objective factors that affected citizens' willingness to accept personal information processing behaviors, and put forward strategies for improving the personal information processing behavior regulation rules and the information security protection system in public health emergencies.[Result/conclusion] The legislation in China should further clarify the principles and restrictions on personal information processing in public health emergencies, and by entrusting personal information processors with information security protection obligations and improving the legal responsibilities of improper personal information processing behaviors, so as to achieve effective regulation of personal information processing behaviors in public health emergencies and full personal information security protection.