[Purpose/significance] Under the background of government function transformation, the cooperation of government with social organizations in providing public libraries service is an effective measure for the reform of the public library management system. It is also an important development trend of public libraries. The study of the relationship between the government and the social organization can not only enrich the relevant theoretical results, but also provide a reference for the development of the collaboration between government and social organizations in public libraries service supply. [Method/process] Through the literature research, network survey and field research, this paper discusses the concept and characteristic of the collaboration relationship between government and social organizations in public libraries service supply, and deeply analyzes the role of different subjects, the causes, the types and the formation process of the collaboration relationship between government and social organizations in public libraries service supply. On this basis, it puts forward the countermeasures for sustainable development of the collaboration relationship between government and social organizations in public libraries service supply. [Result/conclusion] The establishment of good collaboration relationship needs to correct the collaborative motivations, improve the collaborative systems and standardize the collaborative behaviors.