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Defining and Identifying the Sleeping Beauty and Her Princes in Science
Received date: 2015-08-21
Revised date: 2015-09-20
Online published: 2015-10-05
[Purpose/significance] This paper proposes methodologies for defining and identifying the sleeping beauty and her princes in science. We try to provide some insights to the early prediction the potential for scarcely cited papers which may become sleeping beauties in the future.[Method/process] Two parameter-free indices, i.e.Citation Speed(CS) and Beauty Coefficient(B) were used to identify sleeping beauties(SB) published between 1970 and 2005 in NEJM, Lancet, BMJ and JAMA. In order to discover the papers about princes who wake up SB, we proposed that the prince candidates should ① be published near the years when the SB began to attract a lot of citations; ② be highly cited papers themselves; and ③ receive substantial amount of co-citations with SB. In addition, the "pulling effect" of princes on SB should be strong enough, i.e., the annual citation of princes is higher than that of SB, and at least on certain points in the citation curve where the annual citations of SB began to increase significantly. [Result/conclusion] We find that because CS takes the citation curve of the whole citation window into account, by CS one could identify the continuingly highly cited papers with a "very long" life cycle.Bis proved to be a good indicator to identify a SB, but it fails to cover the citation curve after the paper receives its maximum annual citation. Thus, we hold that the combination of CS and C5(5-year average annual citations after publication) may be a good choice to define and identify SB in the large-scale bibliographic dataset. Within the 10 SBs identified in our dataset, we find that reviews, guidelines, and original books may play a critical role in waking up the SB. Finally, we recommend that ① the parameter-free metrics in combination with parameter-based metrics could help to identify SBs; ② the fact that a never cited or poorly cited paper is cited by the consensus-building literature(for instance, reviews, guidelines, and books) could be used as an indicator to predict to what extent a paper would be regarded as a SB; and ③ in bibliometric research assessment, one should give special attention to papers with a lower value of CS, because such papers accumulate their citations slowly and thus show a longer citation impact.
Key words： sleeping beauty; princes; citation speed; sleeping coefficient; clinical research
Du Jian , Wu Yishan . Defining and Identifying the Sleeping Beauty and Her Princes in Science[J]. Library and Information Service, 2015 , 59(19) : 84 -92 . DOI: 10.13266/j.issn.0252-3116.2015.19.011
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