[目的/意义]建立老年人信息需求影响因素解释结构模型，并对影响因素的层级关系及其对老年人信息需求的影响进行分析。[方法/过程]借鉴老年人信息需求影响因素已有科研成果，通过第一轮专家调查，确定影响老年人信息需求的20个因素，并将其归类。在此基础上，通过第二轮专家调查，确定老年人信息需求影响因素的相互关系，建立邻接矩阵；对邻接矩阵进行运算，得到可达矩阵；分解可达矩阵，将老年人信息需求影响因素划分为5个层级，建立老年人信息需求影响因素解释结构模型，并对影响因素的层级关系及其对老年人信息需求的影响进行分析。[结果/结论]老年人信息需求影响因素可分为表层因素、中层因素和深层因素。表层因素是影响老年人信息需求最为直接的因素；中层因素是影响老年人信息需求较为直接的因素；深层因素是影响老年人信息需求的根本因素。
[Purpose/significance] An influential factor interpretation structure model focused on the elderly information need is proposed in this paper. It is used to analyze the causal relationship among different factors and their influences exerted on the elderly information needs. [Method/process] Based on the relevant research achievements, this paper identifies 20 influence factors of the elderly information needs through the first round of expert investigation. Then this paper identifies the relationship of the influence factors and establishes adjacency matrix through the second round of expert investigation. Based on these, the adjacency matrix is calculated to get the reachability matrix. By decomposing the reachability matrix, we divide the influence factors into five levels and establishes the interpretive structural model about the elderly information needs, which can be employed to analyze the hierarchical relationship of influence factors and their influence on the elderly information need.[Result/conclusion] The influential factors of elderly information needs can be divided into surface-level, middle-level and deep-level factors. To be more specific, the surface-level factors refer to the most direct factors of elderly information needs; the lesser one is identified as middle-level factor; the core factor of elderly information needs is regard as deep-level factor.
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