[目的/意义]通过跟踪全球开放获取发展态势，以期为我国的开放获取实践提供参考借鉴。[方法/过程]以2015年1月到2016年12月为时间窗口，通过网络调研和归纳研究的方法，从开放获取知识库、开放出版、开放数据和开放科学四个方面分析和总结全球开放获取相关政策和实践进展，并对开放获取发展趋势和所面临的挑战进行了归纳。[结果/结论]全球开放获取知识库从重点关注资源存储向资源利用转变；开放出版由通过政策促进规模出版转向价格和质量控制；开放数据关注重点从行业领域上升到国家发展战略的高度，发展重点由基础设施建设转向数据存储和利用等政策的制定；开放科学从制定理想规划和落实方案到不确定的阶段。
[Purpose/significance] Tracking the international trends of open access can provide reference for open access practice in China.[Method/process] By methods of network investigation and induction research, this paper tracks back the development of international open access policies and practices from 2015 to 2016. Then, it analyzes and summarizes their development trends and challenges from four aspects, including open access repository, open publishing, open data and open science.[Result/conclusion] This paper reveals that:open access repository transforms from the resource storage to resource utilization; open access publishing heads into quality and cost control from the policy-driven large-scale publishing; open data is no longer limited to some subject areas and turns into the national development strategy, and its policy making is more important than infrastructure construction; open science develops from the ideal planning and program implementing into a stage of uncertainty.
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