[目的/意义]随着信息技术的发展和普及，数字素养日趋成为世界各国国民素质教育的重要内容。它与媒介素养、信息素养有着密切的关联，正被越来越多的国家纳入其国民教育课程的体系之中，但我国的发展仍很不完善。针对这一现状对发达国家和我国的数字素养培养模式发展进行述评，并对我国数字素养的培养提出建议。[方法/过程]在对相关文献进行充分调研的基础上，分别对美国、欧洲、日本和中国的四种具有典型性的数字素养的培养模式加以分析，并据此提出本文的结论。[结果/结论]美国、欧洲和日本的先发优势与经验为我国数字素养培养的建设和发展提供了良好的借鉴。我国应该构建一个多主体共同参与的体系，形成由各级公共图书馆、专业图书馆、学术图书馆、大中小学、政府管理机构等全社会共同推动实现的机制，建设一个能充分接触数字资源和社群信息的交互式数字媒介空间。
[Purpose/significance] With the development and popularization of information technology, digital literacy has become an important content of national education all around the world. It is closely related to media literacy and information literacy, and it is being adopted by more and more countries in the system of national education curriculums, but its development in our country is still very imperfect. This paper reviews the development of digital literacy cultivation models in several developed countries, and puts forward some suggestions on the cultivation of digital literacy in China.[Method/process] Based on ample literature research, the research analyzed four kinds of typical digital literacy cultivation models in the USA, Europe, Japan and China, and put forward the conclusion of this paper.[Result/conclusion] The first-mover advantages and experience of the USA, Europe and Japan provide good references for the construction and development of digital literacy cultivation in China. China should build a multi-agent system of participation and form a mechanism promoted by public libraries at all levels, including professional libraries, academic libraries, primary and secondary schools, government agencies and other institutions, in order to build an interactive digital media space that can fully access digital resources and community information.
[1] 水越伸.数字媒介社会[M].冉华,于小川,译.武汉:武汉大学出版社,2009.
[2] GILSTER P. Digital literacy[M]. New York:Wiley Publishing, 1997.
[3] BAWDEN D. Digital literacies-concepts, policies and practices[M]. New York:Peter Lang Publishing, 2008.
[4] FURBER S. Shut down or restart? the way forward for computing in UK schools[R]. London:the Royal Society, 2012.
[5] KRESS G. Literacy in the new media age[M]. London:Routledge Press, 2003.
[6] MOSSBERGER K, TOLBERT C, MCNEALR. Digital citizenship:the Internet, society, and participation[M]. Cambridge:The MIT Press, 2007.
[7] 张宏树.媒介素养:从数字鸿沟到数字机遇——基于积极受众的讨论[J].东南传播,2008(12):42-44.
[8] 张薇.英语数字素养的研究型评价模式[J].外语教学与研究, 2006(3):115-121,161.
[9] 杨凤,刘宇慧.大学英语读写教学动态评估模式研究[J].长春理工大学学报, 2011(4):167-168.
[10] 顾华芳.数字素养教育——数字时代图书馆新职能[J].江西图书馆学刊,2012(1):119-121.
[11] 王雯琦.用户数字素养与公共电子阅览室功能发挥[J].图书馆工作与研究,2012(10):96-98.
[12] 马晓璇,鲁虹.数字效应对消费者信息感知的影响——以消费者情境因素为调节变量[J].物流科技,2016(4):19-21.
[13] 赵肖峰,孙向晖.浅析数字素养与高效文献检索课教学改革[J].科技视界,2014(13):142-144.
[14] 李锋,熊璋,任友群.聚焦数字化竞争力,发展学生核心素养——从国际国内课程改革看中小学信息科技教育[J].电化教育研究,2017(7):26-31.
[15] 任友群,随晓筱,刘新阳.欧盟数字素养框架研究[J].现代远程教育研究,2014(5):3-12.
[16] 叶兰.欧美数字素养实践进展与启示[J].图书馆建设,2014(7):17-22.
[17] 廖梦夏.数字素养路径下青少年数字素养与赋权——基于美国"数字化青春"项目的发现与反思[J].科技与创新,2015(1):4-5.
[18] URQUART C, THOMAS R, SPINK S, et al. Student use of electronic information services in further education[J]. International journal of information management, 2005, 25(4):347-362.
[19] BANCROFT J. Multiliteracy centers spanning the digital divide:providing a full spectrum of support[J]. Computers and composition, 2016, 41:46-55.
[20] HENNINGER M. Government information:literacies, behaviors and practices[J]. Government information quarterly, 2017, 34(1):8-15.
[21] HOCKLY N. Digital literacies[J]. ELT journal, 2012, 66(1):108-112.
[22] KNIGHT FOUNDATION. National broadband plan will increase digital literacy[EB/OL].[2017-02-26]. https://www.knightfoundation.org/articles/national-broadband-plan-will-increase-digital-literacy.
[23] 阮高峰,张冬冬.美国中小学数字公民素养教育现状及启示[J].中国信息技术教育,2016(19):17-21.
[24] 师静.美国的数字媒介素养教育[J].青年记者,2014(7):83-85.
[25] 师静,赵金.欧美国家媒介素养的数字化转变[J].新闻与写作,2016(7):98-100.
[26] REDECKER C. The use of ICT for the assessment of key competences[EB/OL].[2017-02-27]. http://ipts.jrc.ec.europa.eu/publications/pub.cfm?id=5719.
[27] 牛阿娜,鲁士发.数字素养视角下欧洲创新外语教学的实践研究[J].中国电化教育,2015(9):125-129.
[28] SCONUL. Digital literacies[EB/OL].[2017-02-27]. https://www.webarchive.org.uk/wayback/archive/20140614084534/http://www.jisc.ac.uk/whatwedo/programmes/elearning/developingdigitalliteracies/sconul.aspx.
[29] ESHET-ALKALAI Y. Digital literacy:a conceptual framework for survival skills in the digital era[J]. Journal of educational multimedia & hypermedia, 2004, 13(1):93-106.
[30] HUERTA E, SANDOVAL-ALMAZÁN R. Digital literacy:problems faced by telecenter users in Mexico[J]. Information technology for development, 2007, 13(3):217-232.
[31] 卜卫.论媒介教育的意义、内容和方法[J].现代传播-北京广播学院学报,1997(1):29-33.
[32] 白雪.新媒介环境下我国大学生媒介素养教育研究[D].南京:南京师范大学,2011.
[33] 张怀涛,慎明旭,岳修志,等.文献检索课的发展历程与发展对策[J].大学图书馆学,2011,29(3):81-85.
[34] 刘巧英.我国信息素养教育发展现状与展望[J].情报探索,2013(2):45-48.
[35] 李东霞.我国网民新媒介素养研究综述[J].软件导刊,2014(2):16-18.
[36] 孙鹏,马德俊,杨现民.大学生数字媒介素养教育研究[J].新闻知识,2013(5):83-85.
[37] 中国互联网信息中心.第39次中国互联网发展状况统计报告[EB/OL].[2017-02-27]. http://www.cnnic.net.cn/hlwfzyj/hlwxzbg/hlwtjbg/201701/P020170123364672657408.pdf.
[38] 陈鹤霖. 校本课程"数字素养理解教育"设计[J]. 教育科学论坛,2016(10):57-60.
[39] 李新房,陈峰,李静,等.数字媒介素养概念辨析及培养策略研究[J].牡丹江大学学报,2016,25(11):158-160.
[40] 莫彬.公共图书馆与公民数字素养[J].农业图书情报学刊,2014,26(7):130-132.
