收稿日期: 2016-04-12
修回日期: 2016-07-17
网络出版日期: 2016-10-05
基金资助
本文系国家自然科学基金青年项目“专利文献的要素组合拓朴结构及向量空间语义表示与相似度计算研究”（项目编号：71403107）、教育部人文社会科学项目“基于新核函数的相似专利文献检索研究”（项目编号：13YJC870026）和教育部人文社科项目“基于需求导向的高校专利转化商业模式选择研究”（项目编号：13YJC630063）研究成果之一。
Research on Readers' Interests in Patent Literature and Its Topology Representation
Received date: 2016-04-12
Revised date: 2016-07-17
Online published: 2016-10-05
[目的/意义]通过挖掘用户对专利文献中不同要素的兴趣情况及各要素之间的兴趣相互关系程度，揭示用户对专利文献各部分的关注点或兴趣所在。[方法/过程]以Tobii T60XL眼动仪为工具，邀请26名视力正常从事科研的高校教师和研究生进行实验，记录其阅读专利文献的行为，取其中的有效数据进行研究。具体做法为：针对专利文献的特有编排结构，将每个专利文献划分为12个兴趣区即12个要素，给合用户阅读时的眼动行为、测前问卷、测后RTA访谈进行分析。根据某个要素在所有受测者范围内的访问时间、注视次数、瞳孔直径缩放比3个指标，计算各要素兴趣度；从回视次数出发，得到各兴趣区回视次数的关系矩阵。[结果/结论]构建各要素间的用户兴趣拓扑结构，实验发现：用户阅读兴趣在专利文献摘要、独权和从权之间呈现强三角关系，这3部分是最感兴趣的关联区域，同时用户也高度关注专利的具体技术方案的详细描述部分。
王秀红 , 袁银池 , 金玉成 . 用户专利文献阅读兴趣及其拓扑结构研究[J]. 图书情报工作, 2016 , 60(19) : 125 -134,142 . DOI: 10.13266/j.issn.0252-3116.2016.19.016
[Purpose/significance] By analysis of participants' interests and the interrelated interests between areas of interest (AOIs), we reveal the reader's attention or interest in the various parts of the patent literature. [Method/process] With the Tobii T60XL eye tracker as a tool, this paper attempted to carry out an experimental study by obtaining data from the reading of patent literature. The study considered twenty-six participants mainly university teachers and graduate students with normal vision who are actively engaged in scientific research. For the unique layout structure of patent literature, each patent literature was divided into twelve areas AOIs, based on the participants' eye movement behavior in patent reading, pre-session interview script and post-session retrospective think aloud (RTA) interviews. The users' interest per element and the interrelated interests between elements were computed quantitatively. Interestingness of the element was calculated by eye tracking metrics of relative visit duration, relative fixation count and pupil diameter scaling. The relation matrix was obtained from the regression out count. [Result/conclusion] The topology of elements was constructed with respect to participants' interests. The abstract, independent and dependent claims are the associated regions which were of most interest to scientific researchers, forming a strong triangular relationship. Users were also much concerned about the detailed descriptions of specific technology solutions.
Key words： reading; eye movements patent literature topology
[1] 刘汉鼎.专利情报利用方法与技巧[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社,1992:31-35.
[2] 周思繁. 专利文献在建设创新型国家中的重要作用[J]. 科技情报开发与经济, 2012, 22(13): 101-102.
[3] SHIH C W, CHEN M Y, CHU H C, et al. Enhancement of information seeking using an information needs radar model[J]. Information processing & management, 2012, 48(3): 524-536.
[4] WILSON T D. On user studies and information needs[J]. Journal of documentation, 1981, 37(1): 3-15.
[5] 缪涵琴. 融合本体和用户兴趣的专利信息检索系统的研究与实现[D]. 苏州:苏州大学, 2007.
[6] 燕飞,张铭,谭裕韦.综合社会行动者兴趣和网络拓扑的社区发现方法[J]. 计算机研究与发展, 2010, 47(1): 357-362.
[7] WILSON T D. Models in information behaviour research[J]. Journal of documentation, 1999, 55(3): 249-270.
[8] INGWERSEN P. Cognitive perspectives of information retrieval interaction: elements of a cognitive IR theory[J]. Journal of documentation, 1996, 52(1): 3-50.
[9] BORLUND P, INGWERSEN P. The development of a method for the evaluation of interactive information retrieval systems[J]. Journal of documentation, 1997, 53(3): 225-250.
[10] SARACEVIC T. Relevance reconsidered[C]//Proceedings of the second conference on conceptions of library and information science. Copenhagen:Royal School of Librarianship,1996.
[11] HO H N J, TSAI M J, WANG C Y, et al. Prior knowledge and online inquiry-based science reading: evidence from eye-tracking.[J]. International journal of science & mathematics education, 2014, 12(3):525-554.
[12] 闫国利, 熊建萍, 臧传丽, 等. 阅读研究中的主要眼动指标评述[J]. 心理科学进展, 2013, 21(4): 589-605.
[13] 张仙峰, 叶文玲. 当前阅读研究中眼动指标述评[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2006, 4(3): 236-240.
[14] RAYNER K. Eye movements in reading and information processing: 20 Years of research[ J]. Psychological bulletin,1998, 124(3): 372-422.
[15] RAYNER K, BINDER K S, ASHBY J, et al. Eye movement control in reading: word redictability has little influence on initial landing positions in words[J]. Vision research, 2001, 41:943-954.
[16] LIVERSEDGE S P, RAYNER K, WHITE S J, et al. Eye movements when reading disappearing text: is there a gap effect in reading[J]. Vision research, 2004, 44: 1013-1024.
[17] 白学军, 张钰, 姚海娟, 等. 平面香水广告版面设计的眼动研究[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2006, 4(3): 172-176.
[18] FLAVIO T P,OLIVEIRA A A,DANIEL M R. Discriminating the relevance of web search results with measures of pupil size[C]//International conference on human factors in computing systems, Boston:ACM, 2009: 2209-2212
[19] SALOJÄRVI J, KOJO I, SIMOLA J, et al. Can relevance be inferred from eye movements in information retrieval?[J]. Proceedings of Wsom, 2003: 261-266.
[20] MORIMOTO C H, MIMICA M R M. Eye gaze tracking techniques for interactive applications[J]. Computer vision and image understanding, 2005, 98(1): 4-24.
[21] REICHLE E D, POLLATSEK A, FISHER D L, et al. Toward a model of eye movement control in reading[J]. Psychological review, 1998, 105(1): 125-157.
[22] RAYNER K. Eye movements and attention in reading, scene perception, and visual search[J]. The quarterly journal of experimental psychology, 2009, 62(8): 1457-1506.
[23] REICHLE E D, RAYNER K, POLLATSEK A. The E-Z reader model of eye-movement control in reading: comparisons to other models.[J]. Behavioral & brain sciences, 2003, 26(4):445-76; discussion 477-526.
[24] MCCONKIE G W, KERR P W, REDDIX M D, et al. Eye movement control during reading: I. the location of initial eye fixations on words[J]. Vision research, 1988, 28(10): 1107-1118.
[25] MILLER B W. Using reading times and eye-movements to measure cognitive engagement[J]. Educational psychologist, 2015, 50(1): 31-42.
[26] LEE Y, LEE H, GORDON P C. Linguistic complexity and information structure in Korean: evidence from eye-tracking during reading[J]. Cognition, 2007, 104(3): 495-534.
[27] MINE S, SHIOZAKI J, KUNIMOTO C, et al. Children's eye movement while reading picture books[J]. Library&sinformation Science, 2007:69-90.
[28] 布雷恩英神经咨询. 眼动研究和神经营销——真正的提升来自于客观捕捉用户体验[EB/OL]. http://www.docin.com/p-297031358.html,2011-11-28/2016-04-10.
[29] MORGANTE J D, RAHMAN Z, JOHNSON S P. A critical test of temporal and spatial accuracy of the tobii T60XL eye tracker.[J]. Infancy, 2012, 17(1):9-32.
[30] SALVUCCI D D, GOLDBERG J H. Identifying fixations and saccades in eye-tracking protocols[C]//Proceedings of the 2000 symposium on eye tracking research & applications. ACM, 2000:71-78.
[31] RAYNER K. Eye movements in reading and information processing[J]. Psychological Bulletin, 1978, 85(3):618-660.
[32] KONING B B D, TABBERS H K, RIKERS R M J P, et al. Attention guidance in learning from a complex animation: seeing is understanding?[J]. Learning & instruction, 2010, 20(2):111-122.
[33] 应晓敏. 面向Internet个性化服务的用户建模技术研究[D]. 长沙:国防科学技术大学, 2003.
[34] SAURO J, LEWIS J R. Average task times in usability tests: what to report?[C]//Proceedings of the international conference on human factors in computing systems. Atlanta:ACM, 2010:2347-2350.
[35] 王佑镁. 电子课本不同版面要素的眼动行为分析[J]. 编辑之友, 2014, (5):89-91.
[36] HESS E H, POLT J M. Pupil size as related to interest value of visual stimuli[J]. Science, 1960, 132(3423):349-350.
[37] REINHOLD K, ELLEN G, MARTIN R, et al. Length, frequency, and predictability effects of words on eye movements in reading[J]. European journal of cognitive psychology, 2004, 16(1-2):262-284.
[38] HESS E H, POLT J M. Pupil size in relation to mental activity during simple problem-solving[J]. Science, 1964, 143(3611):1190-1192.
[39] SIMPSON H M, PAIVIO A. Changes in pupil size during an imagery task without motor response involvement[J]. Psychonomic science, 1966, 5(10): 405-406.
[40] 闫国利,白学军. 眼动研究心理学导论: 揭开心灵之窗奥秘的神奇科学[M]. 北京:科学出版社, 2012:54-62.
[41] SCHWIEGERLING J. Scaling zernike expansion coefficients to different pupil sizes[J]. JOSA A, 2002, 19(10): 1937-1945.
[42] 李珍, 苟秉宸, 初建杰,等. 一种基于眼动追踪的产品用户需求获取方法[J]. 计算机工程与应用, 2015(9):233-237.
[43] FRAZIER L, RAYNER K. Making and correcting errors during sentence comprehension: Eye movements in the analysis of structurally ambiguous sentences[J]. Cognitive Psychology, 1982, 14(2):178-210.
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |
